BREAKING THE LEXICAL BARRIER: BOOSTING WORD POWER IN SPM 1119/2 ESSAYS

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The ability to use a range of vocabulary effectively is a key indicator of language proficiency, especially in high-stakes examinations such as SPM 1119/2 (English Paper 2). However, a recurring issue among many candidates is their overdependence on basic and frequently used words, with little or no inclusion of less common or more sophisticated lexis. While their writing may be grammatically sound, the lack of lexical variety often limits the depth, tone, and precision of their ideas. This not only affects their ability to express complex thoughts convincingly but also prevents them from scoring higher marks, particularly in the descriptors related to language.

This concern is especially prominent in Part 3 writing tasks, where candidates are expected to demonstrate creativity, coherence, and language richness. Unfortunately, many tend to rely heavily on a limited pool of high-frequency vocabulary words like “good,” “bad,” “happy,” “sad,” and “nice” which makes their writing appear simplistic and repetitive. The absence of less common lexis such as “exhilarating,” “detrimental,” “resilient,” or “inevitable” suggests a lack of exposure to richer input and inadequate lexical development during the learning process.

I would say several factors that contribute to this lexical limitation are insufficient reading habits, minimal practice in using varied vocabulary, overemphasis on rote memorisation, and lack of explicit vocabulary instruction in classrooms. As a result, students often struggle to elevate their writing to meet the expectations of upper-band performance.

This write-up aims to introduce a selection of less common lexis that SPM 1119/2 candidates should be familiar with and able to use appropriately. Presented below are 15 complete sentences, each featuring at least one less common word or phrase, designed to help students express their ideas more convincingly and persuasively.

1. The data unequivocally (clearly) supports the claim that early intervention improves student outcomes.

2. It is indisputable (unquestionable) that technology has revolutionized the way we communicate.

3. Her dedication to the cause is commendable (praiseworthy) and serves as an inspiration to others.

4. The proposal is not only practical but also eminently (very / extremely) achievable with existing resources.

5. We must adopt a more holistic (full / complete) approach to education that nurtures both intellect and character.

6. His argument is replete (complete) with evidence, making it difficult to refute.

7. Addressing climate change is not merely a choice; it is a moral imperative.(significance)

8. The speaker presented her case with such eloquence (fluency) that even the judges were convinced.

9. Their solution is both innovative and feasible (possible), promising long-term benefits.

10. It is fallacious (misleading / false) to assume that higher spending always guarantees better results.

11. The success of the program is a testament (proof) to effective leadership and collaboration.

12. His claims are substantiated (validated) by numerous peer-reviewed studies.

13. We must scrutinise (examine / analyse) all perspectives before drawing a final conclusion.

14. Her reasoning is not only coherent but also compelling (convincing), leaving little room for doubt.

15. The efficacy (effectiveness) of this method is undeniable, especially when applied consistently.

16. Her contribution was instrumental (helpful) in the project's success.

17. His viewpoint is legitimate (genuine / valid), even if it challenges conventional thinking.

18. A multifaceted (many-sided) approach is necessary to tackle this complex issue.

19. The policy lacks coherence (consistency), making it difficult for the public to understand.

20. She argued her case with clarity and conviction (belief / principle), leaving no room for doubt.

21. The findings are corroborated (validated) by several independent studies.

22. The speaker’s tone was both authoritative (commanding) and respectful, which enhanced credibility.

23. The proposal, though ambitious, is entirely plausible (believable) given current resources.

24. Their swift (quick) response demonstrated remarkable efficacy in crisis management.

25. Ignoring these early signs would be both reckless (irresponsible) and short-sighted.

26. His conclusion is predicated (established) on solid empirical evidence.

27. The initiative deserves commendation (praise / approval) for its innovation and impact.

28. Her analysis was lucid (well-spoken), allowing even complex ideas to be easily grasped.

29. This issue remains contentious (controversial), but dialogue is the first step toward resolution.

30. The arguments against the plan are largely specious (inaccurate / false) and lack factual support.

Teachers can further reinforce students’ understanding and application of less common lexis by incorporating purposeful writing activities into their lessons. One effective approach is to assign students to write short essays or paragraphs on familiar topics, with a specific focus on vocabulary use. For instance, teachers may require students to include at least four less common or advanced words in each paragraph. This not only encourages students to actively explore and apply richer vocabulary but also helps them become more aware of word choice, context, and tone. Over time, this practice can significantly enhance their lexical range and overall writing quality, preparing them to express ideas more convincingly and meet the higher expectations of the SPM 1119/2 marking criteria. To further support learning, teachers may also encourage peer review sessions, vocabulary games or relay, or thematic word lists to make the learning of less common lexis more structured and engaging.

 Application 1

Task: Write about the pros and cons of solo travel.

Solo travel offers a holistic experience that fosters independence and self-discovery. Many find it compelling due to the freedom it provides, though safety concerns are indisputable. While it may seem insurmountable at first, careful planning makes it feasible and enriching. Moreover, stories from seasoned solo travellers often serve as a testament to the growth and resilience one can gain from navigating the world alone with confidence and purpose.

 Application 2

Task: Write about the need to know about financial literacy.

Understanding financial literacy is a moral imperative in today’s fast-paced economy. It equips individuals with the holistic knowledge to make feasible decisions regarding saving, spending, and investing. The benefits are indisputable, as financial awareness reduces debt and promotes stability. Real-life examples serve as a testament to its value, and promoting such knowledge should be a paramount priority in both education systems and households alike.

Application 3

Task: Write about the benefits of having an extreme sports club in schools.

Establishing an extreme sports club in schools is a compelling initiative that promotes resilience, teamwork, and efficacy under pressure. Though the idea may seem contentious, its benefits are undeniable. Such activities offer a multifaceted platform for physical, mental, and emotional growth. With a coherent safety plan and plausible objectives, the club can become an exemplary model of holistic student development that deserves commendation for its innovative approach to education.